June 2018: Earth's 5th Warmest June on Record

Dr. Jeff MastersJuly 16, 2018 at 3:22 PM EDT

Above: The deadliest disaster of June 2018 was flooding in China’s Yangtze River valley that has claimed 108 lives since May. This photo taken on June 24, 2018, shows cars swept away by a landslide in Tianlin county in China's southern Guangxi region. Image credit: AFP/Getty Images.

June 2018 was the planet's fifth-warmest June since record keeping began in 1880, said NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) on Monday. NASA rated June 2018 as tied for third-warmest June on record. NOAA found that the only warmer June months were 2016, 2015, 2017 and 2014, in that order. Occasional differences in rankings between NASA and NOAA arise mostly due to how they handle data-sparse regions such as the Arctic, where few surface weather stations exist.

Global ocean temperatures during June 2018 were the sixth warmest on record, and global land temperatures were also the sixth warmest on record, according to NOAA. Global satellite-measured temperatures in June 2018 for the lowest 8 km of the atmosphere were the ninth or tenth warmest in the 40-year record, according to the University of Alabama Huntsville (UAH) and RSS, respectively.

**Figure 1.** Departure of temperature from average for June 2018, the fifth-warmest June for the globe since record keeping began in 1880. Image credit: National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI).

Two billion-dollar weather disasters in June 2018

Two billion-dollar weather-related disasters hit the Earth last month, according to the June 2018 Catastrophe Report from insurance broker Aon Benfield: a severe weather outbreak in the U.S. that cost $1.4 billion, and flooding in China’s Yangtze River basin that has cost $1.3 billion since May. In addition, damage claims from a March severe weather outbreak in the U.S. topped the $1 billion mark by the end of June. Here is the list of the twelve billion-dollar weather disasters so far in 2018:

Drought, Argentina and Uruguay, 1/1 – 3/31, $3.9 billion, 0 killed
Winter Storm Riley, Eastern U.S., 3/1 – 3/3, $2.25 billion, 9 killed
Winter Storm Friederike, Western & Central Europe, 1/18, $2.75 billion, 13 killed
Winter Weather, China, 4/2 – 4/18, $1.5 billion, 0 killed
Severe Weather, Rockies, Plains, Midwest, Northeast U.S., 6/17 – 6/20, $1.4 billion, 0 killed
Severe Weather, Rockies, Plains, Midwest, Northeast U.S., 5/12 – 5/16, $1.4 billion, 0 killed
Severe Weather, Plains, Southeast, Northeast U.S., 3/18 – 3/21, $1.35 billion, 0 killed
Flooding, China, 5/1 – 6/30, $1.3 billion, 108 killed
Winter Storms Eleanor & Carmen, Western & Central Europe, 1/1 – 1/4, $1.3 billion, 7 killed
Drought, South Africa, 1/1 – 5/31, $1.2 billion, 0 killed
Winter Storm Grayson, Central & Eastern U.S., 1/3 – 1/5, $1.1 billion, 22 killed
Winter Weather, China, 1/24 – 1/29, $1.1 billion, 2 killed

**June Billion-Dollar Disaster 1.** Severe weather led to extensive damage across the U.S. Rockies and Plains from June 17 - 20. Hail larger than the size of baseballs left severe damage to homes, businesses, and vehicles across the greater Denver, Colorado metro region on June 18 -19. Straight-line winds and isolated tornado touchdowns hit the Northeast U.S., and flash flooding left at least three people dead in the Midwest. Total damage was estimated at $1.4 billion. **Above:** Mark Pickett (left) and Ryan Craig (right) work to rescue Bruce Salley, who was trapped in his car by flood waters in a supermarket parking lot in Rockford, Illinois, on Monday, June 18, 2018. An evening thunderstorm brought heavy rains across the Rock River Valley of northern Illinois, causing vehicles to get stuck in flood waters and stranding motorists. Image credit: Arturo Fernandez/Rockford Register Star via AP.

China flood — **June Billion-Dollar Disaster 2.** Seasonal Mei-yu rains led to further flooding across China’s Yangtze River Basin during the month of June--a continuation of flooding that began in May. The combined death toll from the floods was 108, as inundation impacted nearly 150,000 homes and upwards of 1.5 million acres (607,000 hectares) of cropland. The worst-affected provincial regions included Sichuan, Gansu, Chongqing, Hubei, Jiangsu, Guizhou, Anhui, Shaanxi, Henan, and Fujian. Total damage was estimated at $1.3 billion. Above: This aerial photo taken on June 22, 2018 shows buildings immersed in floodwaters in the Xiasi ancient town in Kaili in southwest China's Guizhou province. Image credit: AFP/Getty Images.

El Niño conditions expected later this year

An El Niño Watch continues as sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean approach the threshold for a weak El Niño, said NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center (CPC) in its July 12 monthly advisory. Over the past week, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the benchmark Niño 3.4 region (in the equatorial Pacific) were about 0.2°C above average, below the 0.5°C above-average threshold needed to be classified as a weak El Niño.

Odds for an El Niño event to form are predicted to increase through the end of 2018, with the July 12 CPC/IRI Probabilistic ENSO Forecast calling for a 57% chance of an El Niño event during the August-September-October peak of the Northern Hemisphere hurricane season. Those odds are up substantially from a 38% chance in the May CPC/IRI outlook. El Niño events typically reduce Atlantic hurricane activity, due to an increase in wind shear over the tropical Atlantic. The odds of El Niño are pegged at 70% for this coming winter (December-January-February), the time of year when El Niño events are typically at their strongest.

Arctic sea ice falls to 4th-lowest June extent on record

Arctic sea ice extent during June 2018 was the fourth lowest in the 40-year satellite record, according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). The record-lowest June extent came in June 2016. Sea ice extent was near average around Antarctica.

Notable global heat and cold marks set for June 2018

Hottest temperature in the Northern Hemisphere: 52.5°C (126.5°F) at Dehram, Iran, 8 June
Coldest temperature in the Northern Hemisphere: -29.0°C (-20.2°F) at Geo Summit, Greenland, 28 June
Hottest temperature in the Southern Hemisphere: 37.6°C (99.7°F) at Palmas, Brazil, 3 June
Coldest temperature in the Southern Hemisphere: -77.1°C (-106.8°F) at Concordia, Antarctica, 30 June
(Courtesy of Maximiliano Herrera.)

Major weather stations that set (not tied) new all-time heat or cold records in June 2018

Glasgow (United Kingdom) max. 31.9°C, 28 June
Belfast Airport (United Kingdom) max. 29.5°C, 28 June
Eskdalemuir (United Kingdom) max. 29.9°C, 28 June
Shannon (Ireland) max. 32.0°C, 28 June
Castlederg (United Kingdom) max. 30.2°C, 29 June
(Courtesy of Maximiliano Herrera)

Three all-time national heat records broken in 2018

So far in 2018, three nations have broken an all-time record for its hottest temperature in recorded history: Palau, which hit 95°F (35°C) at Koror on June 22, Taiwan, which hit 104.5°F (40.3°C) at Tianxiang on July 10, and Algeria, which hit 124.3°F (51.3°C) at Ourgla on July 5. No nations have set an all-time cold temperature record so far in 2018. Most nations do not maintain official databases of extreme temperature records, so the national temperature records reported here are in many cases not official. I use as my source for international weather records researcher Maximiliano Herrera, one of the world's top climatologists, who maintains a comprehensive list of extreme temperature records for every nation in the world on his website. If you reproduce this list of extremes, please cite Maximiliano Herrera as the primary source of the weather records.

Twenty-two monthly national/territorial heat records so far in 2018

January: Marshall Islands
February: Marshall Islands, Falkland Islands, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Palau.
March: Marshall Islands, Qatar, Armenia, Madagascar, Pakistan, Iraq, UAE, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan.
April: Albania, Montenegro
May: Hong Kong, Norway
June: Oman
(Courtesy of Maximiliano Herrera.)

National monthly cold records in 2018: none

No national monthly records for cold were set in June 2018.

Continental/Hemispheric records in 2018

Highest temperature ever recorded in April in Asia: 50.2°C (122.4°F) at Nawabshah, Pakistan, 30 April
World record of the highest reliably-measured minimum temperature in 24 hours: 42.6°C (108.7°F) at Qurayyat, Oman, 26 June

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